When we talk about reservations in India, most people think of vertical reservations for SC, ST, OBC categories. But there’s another important concept: horizontal reservation. Here’s what it is and how it works:
1. Vertical vs Horizontal Reservation
- Vertical Reservation: Seats are reserved category-wise—SC, ST, OBC, EWS.
- Horizontal Reservation: Seats are reserved across all categories for specific groups like women, disabled, or ex-servicemen. It cuts across vertical quotas, hence the term “quota within a quota.”
2. Who Benefits from Horizontal Reservation?
Common horizontal reservation groups include:
- Persons with disabilities (PwD)
- Women
- Ex-servicemen
- Certain sports quota candidates
These beneficiaries get reserved seats within each vertical category, not just in the general pool.
3. How It Works
Example: Suppose a college has 100 seats:
- SC quota: 15 seats
- ST quota: 7 seats
- OBC quota: 27 seats
- General quota: 51 seats
Now, if there’s a horizontal reservation of 5% for PwD, this 5% applies within each category, not on the total seats. That means:
- SC seats for PwD
- ST seats for PwD
- OBC seats for PwD
- General seats for PwD
Hence, PwD candidates compete within their respective vertical quotas.
4. Why Horizontal Reservation Matters
- Ensures representation of marginalized groups across all categories
- Prevents exclusion of vulnerable groups even from reserved seats
- Promotes inclusive education and employment opportunities
5. Key Points to Remember
- Horizontal reservation does not increase total seats; it is applied within existing vertical quotas.
- A candidate can benefit from both vertical and horizontal reservation if eligible.
- Different states and institutions may have different percentages for horizontal quotas.
🔥 Bottom Line
Horizontal reservation is essentially a “quota within a quota”, designed to ensure inclusivity for groups like women, PwD, and ex-servicemen across all categories. Understanding this concept is crucial for students, job aspirants, and policymakers alike.
Disclaimer:
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency, organization, employer, or company. All information provided is for general informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information contained herein. Readers are advised to verify facts and seek professional advice where necessary. Any reliance placed on such information is strictly at the reader’s own risk.
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