Alzheimer’s and Aging
Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of aging.
Genes play a significant role in determining risk.
Understanding genetic predisposition helps families and clinicians prepare better.
Early Warning Signs to watch For
Repeatedly forgetting conversations.
Getting lost in familiar places.
Difficulty managing daily chores.
Persistent memory lapses are disrupting normal life.
Symptoms often appear years after silent progression.
Early recognition is crucial, especially for those with a family history.
The Genetic Imprint of Alzheimer’s
Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (EOFAD)
Rare condition, onset in 40s–50s.
Caused by mutations in the APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes.
Follows an autosomal dominant pattern – only one mutated gene from either parent is enough.
Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD)
More common, usually after age 65.
Influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.
APOE gene variation is the most influential.
Having an APOE mutation increases risk, but does not guarantee disease.
Lifestyle and environment strongly interact with genetic factors.
Family history and Risk
Risk increases 3–4 times if a parent or sibling is affected.
Higher risk ≠ certainty of disease.
Genetic testing helps identify rare familial cases.
Enables tailored prescriptions and reduces emotional and financial burden.
For LOAD, genetic tests offer risk assessment, guiding lifestyle and medical choices.
Importance of Genetic Counseling
Counselors guide families before and after tests.
They explain results, assess history, and support informed decisions.
Helps patients and families cope with emotional challenges.
Why Early Detection Matters
New FDA-approved drugs can slow cognitive decline if given early.
Early diagnosis enables access to more treatment options.
Tools: clinical evaluation, cognitive tests, brain imaging, and genetic counseling.
Living with Knowledge, Not Fear
Genetic tests provide probabilities, not certainties.
Awareness, informed lifestyle choices, and family support improve quality of life.
Early action offers hope for better management and care.
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