Overview
November is observed as Diabetic Eye Disease Awareness Month.
The initiative focuses on educating people about diabetes-related eye complications and the importance of annual eye examinations.
In India, where diabetes rates are rapidly rising, increased awareness is crucial for long-term eye health.
Many diabetic eye conditions progress silently, making early detection vital.
Types of Diabetic Eye Diseases
Diabetic Retinopathy
The most common diabetic eye condition.
Caused by damage to retinal blood vessels due to prolonged high blood sugar.
Leads to fluid leakage, abnormal vessel growth, blurred vision, and even blindness if untreated.
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Fluid accumulation in the macula affects sharp central vision.
Higher Risk of Cataracts and Glaucoma
Diabetics are several times more likely to develop these compared to non-diabetics.
Contributing Factors
Long-term high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and duration of diabetes.
Pregnant women with diabetes need additional monitoring.
Symptoms & Importance of Early Detection
Symptoms appear only after significant progression:
Fluctuating vision, difficulty seeing in dim light, faded colours, blind spots, or sudden vision loss.
Annual dilated eye exams are essential for all diabetics
Early detection allows timely treatment, preventing long-term complications.
Treatment Options
Early Stages:
Strict control of blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol slows progression.
Advanced Stages:
Laser therapy to seal leaking vessels.
Anti-VEGF injections to reduce abnormal vessel growth and swelling.
Vitrectomy for severe bleeding or scarring.
Cataract surgery is performed when clouding occurs.
Role of HbA1c
HbA1c reflects average blood sugar over the past two to three months.
More accurate than single fasting or post-meal readings.
Critical for evaluating long-term diabetes control, yet many patients are unaware of its importance.
Prevention & Awareness
Balanced diet, regular exercise, hydration, and avoiding tobacco are key preventive measures.
Routine eye checkups must be a mandatory part of diabetes management.
With over 100 million diabetics in India, spreading awareness can prevent countless cases of diabetes-induced blindness.
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