Global Impact of Snake Bites
Over 3,000 species of snakes exist worldwide, but only 600 are venomous.
Each venom affects the human body differently.
Approximately 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes annually.
Among these, 1.8–2.7 million bites are from venomous snakes, causing over 81,000 deaths each year.
India is highly affected, with over 1.2 million deaths due to snake bites between 2019 and 2020.
Farmers and children in rural areas are most vulnerable.
Types of Snake Venom
1. Neurotoxic Venom
Found in snakes like cobras, kraits, and mambas.
Affects the nervous system by disrupting electrical signals in nerves.
Symptoms include:
Drooping eyelids
Difficulty speaking
Gradual difficulty in breathing
It can cause death if not treated promptly.
2. Cytotoxic Venom
Common in snakes like vipers.
Damages body cells and destroys blood-clotting factors.
Leads to:
Swelling and blisters
Blood leakage
Severe tissue damage; sometimes amputation is required.
3. Myotoxic Venom
Found in snakes like rattlesnakes.
Directly affects muscles by disrupting the flow of charged molecules.
Causes muscle weakness and paralysis, which can be fatal.
What Happens After a Snake Bite
Immediate pain and swelling at the bite site.
Venom spreads through the bloodstream, affecting vital organs:
Heart
Lungs
Brain
Kidneys
Immediate medical attention is critical.
Important Precautions
Do not tie the bite area tightly; it can stop blood circulation.
Do not try to suck out venom; this may spread infection.
Go to the hospital immediately for proper treatment.
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