The Special Theory of Relativity:
In 1905, Einstein introduced the Special Theory of Relativity, which radically changed our understanding of space, time, and the relationship between matter and energy. This theory suggested that the laws of physics were the same in all inertial frames and introduced the famous equation E=mc², which reveals the equivalence of energy and mass.
General Relativity:
Einstein's general theory of relativity, published in 1915, provided a new understanding of gravity. He introduced gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to mass and energy and used it to explain phenomena such as light bending around massive objects and the existence of black holes.
Photoelectric effect:
Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect, for which he received the Nobel prize in Physics in 1921, showed that light consists of discrete packets of energy called photons. This discovery laid the foundation for quantum theory and played a key role in the development of modern physics.
Brownian motion:
In 1905 Einstein explained the chaotic motion of particles suspended in a liquid known as Brownian motion. His analysis provided convincing evidence for the existence of atoms and molecules, supporting atomic theory and demonstrating the validity of statistical mechanics.
Mass-energy equivalence:
In his special theory of relativity, Einstein established the concept of mass-energy equivalence. This principle states that mass and energy are interchangeable and reveals the enormous energy stored in matter, leading to advances in nuclear physics and the development of atomic energy.
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