Buying a house is one of the biggest financial decisions you’ll ever make. While location and price matter, verifying the legal documents is even more critical. A small oversight can lead to legal disputes, financial loss, or delayed possession.
Here are 12 essential documents you must check before purchasing a property in India.
1. Sale Deed
The Sale Deed is the most important ownership document.
- Confirms transfer of ownership from seller to buyer
- Must be registered at the sub-registrar’s office
- Should contain complete property details
Always verify the original document, not just photocopies.
2. Title Deed
The Title Deed confirms the seller’s legal ownership of the property.
- Ensure the title is clear and marketable
- Check for disputes, claims, or legal heirs
- Verify ownership history (past 20–30 years, if possible)
A lawyer’s title search report is highly recommended.
3. Encumbrance Certificate (EC)
This certificate confirms whether the property is free from legal or financial liabilities.
- Shows pending loans or charges
- Typically checked for the last 15–30 years
- Available at the sub-registrar’s office
A clean ec ensures the property is not mortgaged.
4. Approved Building Plan
The construction must comply with the plan approved by local authorities.
- Verify layout approval
- Check if the building matches the sanctioned plan
- Unauthorized constructions may face demolition
5. Completion Certificate (CC)
Issued by municipal authorities after construction is completed as per approved plan.
Without this certificate, the building may be considered illegal.
6. Occupancy Certificate (OC)
The Occupancy Certificate confirms that:
- The building is ready for occupation
- It complies with safety and building norms
Avoid taking possession without an OC.
7. Property Tax Receipts
Ensure the seller has paid all property taxes.
- Ask for recent tax payment receipts
- Check for pending dues
Unpaid taxes may become the buyer’s responsibility.
8. Khata Certificate (For Certain States)
In states like Karnataka, the Khata certificate:
- Confirms property is recorded in municipal records
- Required for property registration and loans
Ensure it is an “A Khata” for legal compliance.
9. Sale Agreement
This is a preliminary agreement between buyer and seller.
- Mentions sale price and payment schedule
- Specifies possession timeline
- Includes penalty clauses for delay
Read all terms carefully before signing.
10. home Loan Clearance (If Applicable)
If the property was purchased through a home loan:
- Ask for a loan closure certificate
- Obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the bank
This confirms the property is free from mortgage.
11. RERA Registration Details (For Under-Construction Projects)
Under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA):
- Builders must register projects
- Buyers can verify project status online
- Ensures transparency and accountability
Always check the project’s RERA number and approval status.
12. Identity & Address Proof of Seller
Verify the seller’s:
- Aadhaar/PAN
- Address proof
- Photographs
- Authority to sell (especially in case of Power of Attorney)
If buying from a developer, check company registration details.
Bonus Tip: Hire a Property Lawyer
Even if everything appears clear, having a legal expert verify documents can prevent future disputes. Spending a small amount on legal due diligence can save lakhs later.
Final Thoughts
A property purchase should never be rushed. Carefully verifying these 12 documents ensures:
- Clear ownership
- Legal compliance
- Financial safety
- Peace of mind
Before paying any token amount or signing agreements, make sure every document is verified. A legally secure property is a truly valuable investment.
Disclaimer:
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency, organization, employer, or company. All information provided is for general informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information contained herein. Readers are advised to verify facts and seek professional advice where necessary. Any reliance placed on such information is strictly at the reader’s own risk.
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