A deadly terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir's pahalgam killed 26 people on april 22, following which, on Wednesday, india announced a set of diplomatic measures, along with the expulsion of Pakistani navy attaches, suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, and immediate shutdown of the Attari land-transit summit, alleging cross-border hyperlinks to the pahalgam attack.
Water conflicts or water disputes arise over manipulation and getting entry to water sources. In history, there have been many examples of water disputes between two countries.
According to the United Nations Improvement Programme, 153 nations share at least one of the world's 256 transboundary lake basins and rivers. A transboundary water body can be defined as one whose waters go with the flow through or across national borders.
Right here, we are listing down a few cases where the nations are in dispute due to the sharing of a commonplace water frame.
Let us check water conflicts across the globe:
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India-Pakistan
India has stated the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960 with pakistan will be held in abeyance with immediate impact until Islamabad credibly and irrevocably abjures its assistance for cross-border terrorism.
The Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 after india and pakistan had disputes over water rights to the Indus River. Each of the international locations was dependent on the indus river for its sources.
In 1947, the dispute between east punjab in india and West punjab in pakistan went on to become a worldwide trouble, as the political barriers between the two nations were drawn across the Indus Basin.
The proportion of the aid, however, was choppy because the water-rich headwater turned into India. Moreover, two essential irrigation headworks had also been in the indian territory.
"India turned into, therefore, given the bodily potential to cut off crucial irrigation water from big and valuable tracts of agricultural land in West pakistan," consistent with an examination named Warfare and Cooperation on South Asia's Global Rivers.
In 2019, the attack in Kashmir's Pulwama killed a minimum of 40 soldiers after a convoy of indian paramilitary forces was targeted. Following the assault, india threatened to cut off its water delivery. The Indus Waters Treaty has withstood three wars.
India said that in the recent attack in pahalgam, 3 of the militants who attacked vacationers were from Pakistan. Islamabad has denied any position and said, "Any attempt to prevent or divert the waft of water belonging to Pakistan... may be taken into consideration as an act of struggle."
Egypt and Ethiopia
Egypt and ethiopia have had conflicts over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. In 2020, there had been worries about the Ethiopian dam on the Blue nile lowering the water flow to Egypt. egypt is depending on water from the nile River; therefore, a dam becomes seen as a threat to the united states of America.
Prime minister of ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed, had warned that no person can prevent them from building the dam, and doing so will invite a battle state of affairs, and ethiopia "should get thousands and thousands prepared."
The nile River has been a prime water source for the international locations living in its basin.
Egypt considers its historic practices to be a robust reason to have rights to the nile water; on the other hand, ethiopia claims rights over it on geographical grounds.
China and the Mekong Basin
China, being the upstream U.S., has constructed more than one dam on the Mekong River, which influences the downstream international locations like Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand.
China has built 11 dams at the river as of 2020. Many nations are heavily dependent on the Mekong River. Experts say that china holds a stronger grip over other countries because it has the capacity to govern the flow of the river.
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
There has been battle in countries that were depending on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It's said to be one of the earliest regarded water conflicts and can be dated back to 2400 BC. The dispute over the rivers is amongst Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Since the fifties, water sharing has become a difficulty after several projects and the initiation of building a dam.
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