Methotrexate is a commonly prescribed disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) used to treat arthritis, psoriasis, and certain autoimmune conditions. It works as an immunosuppressant, reducing the activity of the immune system to control inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Recently, the NHS issued a warning emphasizing that patients on methotrexate should not ignore certain symptoms, as they may indicate serious side effects requiring urgent medical attention.
How Methotrexate Works
· Methotrexate slows down the overactive immune system, which is responsible for joint inflammation in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
· By suppressing immune activity, it reduces pain, swelling, and progression of joint damage.
Potential Side Effects and Risks
While methotrexate is effective, it can also cause side effects, some of which can be serious:
1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms
o Nausea, vomiting, or mouth ulcers may occur.
o Severe or persistent vomiting requires medical evaluation.
2. Liver Toxicity
o Methotrexate can affect liver function, leading to elevated liver enzymes.
o Symptoms like yellowing of the skin/eyes, dark urine, or abdominal pain should be reported immediately.
3. Blood Disorders
o Can reduce white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets, increasing infection risk and causing fatigue or unusual bruising.
o Symptoms such as persistent fever, unusual bleeding, or severe tiredness require urgent attention.
4. Lung Issues
o Rarely, methotrexate can cause lung inflammation, resulting in shortness of breath, persistent cough, or chest pain.
5. Infections
o As an immunosuppressant, methotrexate increases susceptibility to infections.
o Patients should seek medical care if they develop high fever, chills, or unusual infections.
NHS Advice: When to Seek Urgent Help
· Call 999 or go to A&E if you experience:
o Severe shortness of breath or chest pain
o High fever or signs of infection
o Unusual bleeding or bruising
o Yellowing of skin or eyes
· Routine monitoring is essential:
o Blood tests for liver function, blood counts, and kidney function
o Regular consultations with your doctor to adjust dosage if necessary
Tips for Safe Methotrexate Use
1. Take the medication exactly as prescribed (usually once a week for arthritis).
2. Avoid alcohol, as it increases the risk of liver damage.
3. Report any new symptoms immediately to your healthcare provider.
4. Stay up to date with vaccinations, but avoid live vaccines while on methotrexate.
Bottom Line
Methotrexate remains a highly effective treatment for arthritis, but it carries potentially serious risks. Patients should never ignore warning signs and maintain regular monitoring to ensure safe and effective treatment.
Disclaimer:
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency, organization, employer, or company. All information provided is for general informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information contained herein. Readers are advised to verify facts and seek professional advice where necessary. Any reliance placed on such information is strictly at the reader’s own risk..jpg)
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